Layman's Blog to Green Building

Urban developments for a long time has integrated retail, office and residential, but, are we poised to see a fourth or fifth use to be integrated? The reason,  Cost,  the cost of construction, the cost of transportation, the cost of operations, and the cost of energy. If we can integrate theses additional uses we can reduce the construction and operational costs and make these project more profitable and attractive to tenants. In this 3 part series I will break down the rational (Part 1), the new archetype form (Part 2), and the ongoing operation cost savings for this new typology of a building (Part 3). The design of a mixed-use development is one of the most challenging tasks, I would liken it to the typical a courthouse where you have the public, judges and prisoners all needing separate requirements, circulation among other challenges. In a 4 or 5 type mixed-use development you will need to consider the different space requirements, energy loads, quality of space, ...

Often the challenge for these complicated Mixed-Use Developments is the early integration of the requirements which each of the types of users needs in order to be profitable and leasable. This process has been simplified for the purposes of this article and there are many more considerations like HVAC, electrical systems, security, material selection, building orientation, energy modelling, etc. 1. Programmatic Requirements The first step is to understand the requirements of each of the programmatic spaces. 2. Conceptual Relationships Next, we looked at what these requirements mean and how they interact with each of the programmatic users. We notice that the Industrial requirements are not overlapping much with the other uses. We also see that the Office and Residential requirements overlap a lot, this would be a good to group their vertical circulation together. The retail also overlaps with some programmatic requirements of every other user, so it would make sense...

As we continue our investigation of adding a 4th or 5th use to a Mixed-Use Developments we need to ensure that we are creating a competitive advantage over what the Industrial Sector already sees in their existing single or two storey facilities. There are two clear challenges that the existing industrial building archetype is a large amount of exterior envelope in proportion to the Gross Floor Area and the opportunity to reduce the Peak Energy Demand and the resulting costs. But first, we are going to break down the electrical energy performance and costs. What Would a 4-User Mixed-Use Developments Peak Electricity One of the biggest opportunities to reduce cost is to address the Peak Electrical Demand. This typically accounts for 5 - 10% of a large building's electrical bill. Once we overlay all of these programmatic uses (assuming all users have the same peak demand load of 5000 kW) over a 24-hour cycle we can clearly see that there is a Peak Electrical Demand of 15,250...